The very essence of who we are as learners, as well as how and why we are learning, is fundamentally different. So different, in fact, that it should dramatically change how you design instruction. Yet, way too often it doesn't. Many instructional designers continue to design courses that resemble classes they attended in school.

But the Vocational Education and Training (VET) isn't school, and the goal of training isn't to graduate with honors or even to just slide by with a passing grade. The goal of training is to equip learners with new knowledge and skills that enable them to improve their performance at work, in our VET jargon: to be Competent.

Here are four ways that training is different than school, as well as what this means to you as an instructional designer.

Experience Counts
Children are seen as blank slates to be filled in school. In contrast, adults come to training with a wealth of relevant experience and related knowledge and skills.
Here's what this means to you. First, you need to "bake" in an explanation of how the new information fits in with what learners already know. For example, when I learned Spanish, my teacher explained that reflexive verbs in Spanish work just like they do in French. This explanation was a short cut in my learning.

Another example of "baking" is to create graphics that compare old processes with new processes or old roles with new roles. Finally, you can develop analogies to illustrate how something new is similar to something familiar.

Second, whenever possible, design activities that allow learners to learn from each other, not just the trainer. By teaching someone else, learners cement their own knowledge and skills. In addition, hearing multiple perspectives and explanations can help learners more quickly grasp difficult concepts or complicated processes.

Knowing Is Not Enough
The measure of success in school is the ability to pass the final exam. But in the workplace, we get paid and are held accountable for what we do, not just for what we know.

Here's what this means to you. First, you must be crystal clear about what learners are supposed to be able to do, in specific, observable, measurable terms, at the completion of the training.

Second, you must design a course that drives to this goal. Specifically, this means the course:

Is organized around the specific steps to do whatever the goal is rather than organized thematically around the content.
Includes only information that is essential or important to achieving the goal. Nice-to-know information, such as background or theory, has been stripped away.
Includes plenty of relevant skill building practice activities.

Immediate Application Rules
In school, the only application expected is for students to complete and turn in homework on time. In the workplace, the stakes are much higher. Learners are expected to demonstrate improved job performance as a result of attending training.

Here's what this means to you. First, you need to make sure the content is actionable. This means that you've broken it down explicitly enough and provided sufficient tools and templates that learners have the ability to apply what they've learned when they get back to work.
Second, you've worked with management to ensure the training is offered just in time so that learners have the opportunity to immediately apply what they've learned back on the job.

Relevancy Is Essential
In school, relevancy meant it would be on the test. In the workplace, it means the information is relevant to enabling learners to achieve the goal of the training.
Here's what this means to you. First, you absolutely must perform a gap analysis to determine what learners already know. If you design a course that starts off covering information learners already know, many learners will mentally check out. Unfortunately, they will not check back in when the course starts to cover new information. The result, of course, is that learners don't learn what they are supposed to learn.

Second, you need to scour the course content for "nice-to-know" information and then get rid of it. I think of each piece of content as a stepping-stone in a path towards the goal of the course. That path should be as straight and short as possible. And each stepping stone should be absolutely essential.

Source: ATD, by Diane Valenti